
What Is a Drum Machine? The Boxes That Built Techno and House
A drum machine is a box that plays drum sounds by itself. A few of them failed at their intended job and accidentally invented house, techno and everything after.
House, techno, bass, trance and their offshoots traced through the machines that made them: drum machines, samplers, synth presets, studio habits.

A drum machine is a box that plays drum sounds by itself. A few of them failed at their intended job and accidentally invented house, techno and everything after.

House runs at 120-130 BPM around a four-to-the-floor kick and swung grooves, tech house marries house's shuffle to techno's lean toolkit, and techno strips the shuffle out entirely — three lineages with distinct cities and tempos.

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Hard techno is techno pushed past 150 BPM with distorted kicks and rave-revival visuals — the sound that owned European floors by the mid-2020s.

Electro is hip-hop's robotic child from Detroit and Miami; breaks is Britain's big-beat explosion — two breakbeat lineages back from the edge.

Afro house is South Africa's percussive, soul-deep house strain — and by the mid-2020s it is one of clubland's biggest exports.